Reading

Texts & Sources

Scripture, grimoires, literature, historical sources, modern writings, and methods for evaluating claims.

40 published articlesAll topics →
Page 33 of Codex Tchacos, the manuscript preserving the Gospel of JudasFeatured from this topicGospel of Judas
Directory →
Page 33 of Codex Tchacos, the manuscript preserving the Gospel of Judas
Updated 2026-10-01

Gospel of Judas

An early Christian revelation dialogue preserved in Coptic, known from the manuscript called Codex Tchacos.

Read →
A manuscript illustration of Solomon and two demons, a comparison from another literary tradition
Updated 2026-10-01

Testament of Solomon

The Testament of Solomon is a pseudepigraphal religious narrative in which Solomon questions and commands spirits. It differs from later procedural Solomonic grimoires.

Read →
Sword diagrams from a historical Key of Solomon manuscript
Updated 2026-10-01

Key of Solomon

The Key of Solomon is a transmitted family of magical texts concerning preparation, ritual, and ceremonial instruments. It should be distinguished from the five-part Lesser Key of Solomon.

Read →
A portrait of Johann Weyer, author of the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum
Updated 2026-10-01

Pseudomonarchia Daemonum

Pseudomonarchia Daemonum is a spirit catalogue associated with Johann Weyer. Its transmission helps explain similarities and differences in the later Ars Goetia.

Read →
A historical illustration printed in the Dictionnaire infernal
Updated 2026-10-01

Dictionnaire infernal

Collin de Plancy’s Dictionnaire infernal gathered supernatural traditions in a dictionary format. Its 1863 entries and illustrations remain influential in modern depictions of spirits.

Read →
A handwritten page from a historical Picatrix manuscript
Updated 2026-10-01

Picatrix

Picatrix is the Latin title associated with an influential Arabic work of astral magic. Its cosmological and ritual framework differs from a catalogue of Goetic spirits.

Read →
The title page of a historical Corpus Hermeticum edition
Updated 2026-10-01

Corpus Hermeticum

The Corpus Hermeticum is a collection of philosophical religious dialogues concerning mind, the divine, the cosmos, and human knowledge. It should be distinguished from later works marketed as Hermetic teaching.

Read →
Blake’s illustration of Satan before the divine throne in the Book of Job
Updated 2026-10-01

Satan in Job

Job 1–2 presents Satan in a heavenly assembly and in a dispute about Job’s righteousness. The passage should be read before later accounts of Satan’s origins are supplied.

Read →
Doré’s illustration of Zechariah’s vision of four chariots
Updated 2026-10-01

Satan in Zechariah

Zechariah 3 presents Satan accusing Joshua the high priest within a vision of judgment and restoration. The scene has a specific religious and literary purpose.

Read →
De Morgan’s painting of dawn, illustrating the morning-star article’s celestial imagery
Updated 2026-10-01

Isaiah 14 and the morning star

Isaiah 14 addresses the downfall of a ruler through an image of a fallen morning star. Later religious interpretations connect the passage with Lucifer and Satan.

Read →
Blake’s painting of the great red dragon and the woman clothed with the sun
Updated 2026-10-01

Revelation and the dragon

Revelation 12 identifies its dragon with the Devil and Satan. The chapter’s imagery should be read in its apocalyptic narrative before being used to interpret other passages.

Read →
Rembrandt’s painting of a scholar reading at a desk
Updated 2026-10-01

Reading religious primary sources

Primary sources provide direct evidence for a text, community, or historical setting. Reading them well requires context, precise citations, and comparison with other evidence.

Read →