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Texts & Sources

Lesser Key of Solomon

The grimoire compilation known as the Lemegeton, including the Goetia and several angelic arts.

Texts & Sources

Ars Notoria

A medieval art of prayer and contemplation intended to confer learning, memory, and eloquence.

Texts & Sources

Grimorium Verum

A grimoire with a hierarchy centered on Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Astaroth, followed by spirit operations and practical recipes.

Texts & Sources

Second Enoch

The Slavonic Enochic work also known as the Book of the Secrets of Enoch, describing ascent, creation, and instruction.

Demonology & Spirits

Astaroth

Astaroth appears in early modern spirit catalogues and later illustrated demonology. Source editions matter when comparing the figure’s rank, appearance, and supposed knowledge.

Demonology & Spirits

Buer

Buer is a spirit associated in magical catalogues with learning and healing. The well-known radial illustration belongs to later printed demonology.

Texts & Sources

Testament of Solomon

The Testament of Solomon is a pseudepigraphal religious narrative in which Solomon questions and commands spirits. It differs from later procedural Solomonic grimoires.

Texts & Sources

Key of Solomon

The Key of Solomon is a transmitted family of magical texts concerning preparation, ritual, and ceremonial instruments. It should be distinguished from the five-part Lesser Key of Solomon.

History

Astrology in Western esotericism

Astrology has supplied language and organizing systems to Western esoteric texts. Its historical role should be distinguished from demonstrated predictive effectiveness.

Culture & Ethics

Pentagram

A pentagram is a five-pointed star figure used in different religious and esoteric settings. Orientation and surrounding imagery matter, but do not establish one universal meaning.

Theology & Cosmology

Religious syncretism

Religious syncretism concerns the combination of ideas, figures, and practices from different traditions. Similarity of names or imagery alone does not establish identity or historical continuity.

History

Romantic Satanism

Romantic Satanism concerns literary and political readings that give Satan a positive role in opposition to tyranny or conventional authority. It should be distinguished from membership in a religious organization.