
Magical circle
A marked ritual space whose names, divisions, and purpose differ among magical texts and modern traditions.

A marked ritual space whose names, divisions, and purpose differ among magical texts and modern traditions.

Solomon’s name supplies authority to several magical and religious works. Attribution to the king must be distinguished from the date and authorship of the surviving text.

Demonology is the study, classification, and interpretation of demons and related spirits. In Western religious history it has included theological arguments about the nature and powers of demons, lists of named spirits, explanations of possession and temptation, magical techniques for summoning or constraining spirits, and folklore about dangerous supernatural beings. Modern theistic Satanists and…

Raziel is an angel associated with the revelation of divine secrets, especially the legendary book given to Adam. His name appears in Jewish interpretive and magical literature and later Western esotericism, where Agrippa connects him with Chokmah, or Wisdom.

How witchcraft has meant an accusation, a magical practice, and a modern identity, with examples from museums and trial records.

A grimoire is a book or manuscript containing magical knowledge, ritual procedures, charms, conjurations, talismans, spirit catalogues, astrological instructions, prayers, or other techniques intended to produce supernatural or occult effects. The term is most strongly associated with European magic, but scholars use it within a much wider history of magical books and written ritual technologies.

The left-hand path is a modern esoteric category used for religious and magical currents that emphasize themes such as individual self-direction, antinomianism, self-deification, initiatory transformation, or deliberate engagement with symbols rejected by dominant religious culture. It overlaps with some forms of Satanism, Luciferianism, Setianism, and modern occultism, but the terms are not synonymous.

Sigils are graphic signs used in particular magical systems. Historical spirit seals, ceremonial figures, and modern personal signs should be distinguished.

Protective charms, witch bottles, and everyday materials in local magical traditions, with documented British museum examples.

An English artist and occult author whose treatment of desire and sigils influenced later magical practice.

A grimoire built around religious preparation, the guardian angel, and subsequent work with spirits and magical squares.

Asmodeus appears in the narrative of Tobit and in later magical and demonological literature. His different roles reflect the purposes of those texts.

Buer is a spirit associated in magical catalogues with learning and healing. The well-known radial illustration belongs to later printed demonology.

A German magical fraternity whose teaching gives Saturn a central symbolic and initiatory role.

Magical systems using the seven traditional planets through timing, correspondences, images, and invocations.

A grimoire of angelic conjuration organized around the seven days of the week.

A Renaissance author whose Three Books of Occult Philosophy became a major source for Western magical systems.

The Key of Solomon is a transmitted family of magical texts concerning preparation, ritual, and ceremonial instruments. It should be distinguished from the five-part Lesser Key of Solomon.

An occult diary records religious or magical work as it occurs. Separating observations from interpretations makes reflection and comparison more reliable.

The author and religious figure associated with Thelema, The Book of the Law, and a large body of magical instruction.