
Polytheism
Polytheism involves belief in multiple deities. The existence of several gods does not by itself settle their relationships, moral authority, or the forms of devotion directed toward them.

Polytheism involves belief in multiple deities. The existence of several gods does not by itself settle their relationships, moral authority, or the forms of devotion directed toward them.

A Goetic president initially appearing as flame, associated with astrology, learning, familiars, and protected treasure.

A retelling of Genesis and early Exodus arranged through jubilees, with angelic revelation, calendar teaching, and expanded narratives.

Astaroth appears in early modern spirit catalogues and later illustrated demonology. Source editions matter when comparing the figure’s rank, appearance, and supposed knowledge.

A religious movement centered on mediumship and continued personal identity after death, with church teachings and spirit photography.

A Goetic duke, also called Saleos, described as a peaceful soldier riding a crocodile.

A Goetic marquis with a winged wolf form, described as a fighter who hopes to return to a heavenly throne.

A Goetic president associated with animal voices, disputation, and answers given through burning ashes.

A Goetic duke, also called Flauros, associated with fiery destruction and answers about divine matters.

Azazel is a figure associated with the Day of Atonement in Leviticus, a rebellious Watcher in 1 Enoch, and a demonological and occult figure in later traditions. This article traces the development of Azazel from ancient Jewish texts through later demonology and modern Satanic interpretations.

Belial appears in biblical religious language and later spirit catalogues. These uses should be distinguished rather than treated as one unchanged biography.

Beelzebub and related spellings appear in distinct biblical contexts. Later demonological interpretations should not be retroactively read into each earlier occurrence.

Invocation and evocation are terms used for related but differently framed religious or magical actions. Their definitions vary between authors and practice systems.

Demonolatry refers to devotion to demons or daemonic beings. Modern accounts vary in theology, authority, and their relationship with historical grimoires.

A Goetic duke associated with wealth, eloquence, and the places of the dead.

A grimoire with a hierarchy centered on Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Astaroth, followed by spirit operations and practical recipes.

A Mesopotamian wind demon whose image was also used protectively, especially against Lamashtu.

The Devil is the principal personification of evil in much of Christian tradition and a major source for later Western images of Satan. The term is not identical with every historical use of Satan, nor does it describe one unchanging character across the Bible, theology, folklore, literature, art, and modern religion. In contemporary speech “the Devil” often functions as a proper name for Satan, but…

Samael appears in Jewish interpretive literature in roles that vary between texts. His relationship with Satan, the serpent, and other figures should be described source by source.

Asmodeus appears in the narrative of Tobit and in later magical and demonological literature. His different roles reflect the purposes of those texts.